NACWA Case Study

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study |

Contents

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Case Study Outline .................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4

Drivers and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 4

Groundwater Replenishment System ....................................................................................................... 7

Current and Future Regulatory Considerations and Drivers .................................................................... 9

Non Industrial Source Control Program, FY 2008/09 ............................................................................. 13

NISC Modular Strategy ............................................................................................................................ 13

Pollutant Prioritization ................................................................................................................................ 16

Method for Regulated Constituents ....................................................................................................... 19

Method for Unregulated Constituents ................................................................................................... 21

Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 23

Pollutant Identification by Subsectors .................................................................................................... 23

Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for Emerging Pollutants of Concern ......... 26

Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern .................................................................. 37

Who to Contact ........................................................................................................................................... 46

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Objectives

Objectives

1. Identify driving forces that are shaping the future of Source Control

2. Discuss key Source Control programs for today’s emerging pollutants

Case Study Outline

Chris Stacklin

5 Minutes

•Emerging Pollutants News

•Drought

•Cost of Water

•GWR System

Chris Stacklin

10 Minutes

•Regulatory Drivers

•NISC Program

•Modular Strategy

•Where we are

Key Program Elements Addressing Challenges

Chris Stacklin

15 Minutes

Prioritization

•Constituent List

•Method – Regulated

•Method – Unregulated

•Constituent List

•Subsectors

Tom Meregillano

15 Minutes

•Source Identification

Tom Meregillano

15 Minutes

•NISC Outreach

Introduction/

Why

Driver/

Challenges

NACWA Workshop: Tomorrow's Source

Control for Today's Emerging Pollutants

Chris Stacklin

5 Minutes

Closing

Remarks

All

10 Minutes

Questions

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

Introduction

Drivers and Challenges

Emerging pollutants of concern continue to make world headlines. Here is yet another article on

focusing prescription drugs. This message helps us with public outreach!

http://www.ocregister.com/articles/water-residents-drugs-2309806-trash-dove

Huntington Beach police are launching a

prescription medication disposal service to

encourage residents not to flush or throw

away pharmaceuticals.

THE ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER, BY

JEBB HARRIS

Monday, February 16, 2009

Police: Don't flush

drugs unless you

want to drink them

Huntington Beach police launch

prescription medication disposal service

to encourage residents not to flush or

throw away pharmaceuticals.

By JAIMEE LYNN FLETCHER

The Orange County Register

HUNTINGTON BEACH– Police are

urging residents to properly dispose of

their medications to combat the effects

of throwing prescription drugs in the

trash or flushing them down the toilet.

A pharmaceutical disposal box has

been placed in the Police Department

lobby for residents who want to get rid

of their medications.

Huntington Beach is the first Orange

County beach city to launch the

ongoing program, said Sgt. Guy Dove.

Some cities, such as Cypress, hold

annual or bi-annual collections of

prescriptions.

The idea of a disposal bin was

prompted by a study that showed a

variety of pharmaceuticals were

making their way into drinking water,

Dove said.

An Associated Press investigation

released last March showed that 41

million Americans are exposed to

traces of prescription drugs in their

drinking water, including mood

stabilizers, sex hormones and

antibiotics.

The five-day investigation showed that

24 major metropolitan areas were

affected, including 18 million Southern

California residents.

Although the drugs show up in tiny

amounts, measured in parts per billion

or trillion, some scientists said there

could be long-term effects to

exposure, the AP reported.

Flushing medicines down the toilet can

cause chemicals to make their way

into ground water, surface water and

soil. Water treatment facilities don't

always remove all the chemicals,

Dove said.

"They just can't test for all of them," he

said.

And tossing medication in the trash is

not a good alternative to flushing

them, he added.

"We don't want people to throw them

in the trash because we do have

criminals that will go through the

trash…and try to sell them," he said.

Dove said prescription drugs will be

collected and destroyed as part of the

department's bi-annual narcotics burn.

Residents can drop off their

pharmaceuticals from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.,

seven days a week.

Contact the writer: 714-445-6692 or

jfletcher@ocregister.com

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

The pictures show Hoover Dam and the impact of three years of drought in California. Note the picture

on the left shows Lake Mead full in the background. The picture on the right and below shows Lake

Mead currently at about 50 percent of its 31 million acre-feet capacity.

U.S. Department of the Interior | Bureau of Reclamation

www.usbr.gov

The drought is not just regional. The United States has several regions going through drought.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

NOAA/ National Weather Service, February 17, 2009

http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/drought_assessment.shtml

At a global scale, the potential impacts are tremendous.

NOAA/NESDIS Office of Research and Applications, Current Vegetation Health Image Maps

http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/veg_health.html

As our supplies continue to diminish, what was once considered wastewater is now being evaluated for

recovery potential.

Drought Shapes New Thoughts





It is hereby declared that the people of

the state have a primary interest in the

development of facilities to recycle

water containing waste to supplement

existing surface and underground water

supplies and to assist in meeting the

future water requirements of the state.

Section 13510 from the California Water Code (CWC) Division 7,

Chapter 7, or Water Recycling Law

Lake Shasta in Northern California is currently at 31 percent of its 4.5 million acre feet capacity

http://www.shastalake.com/shastalake/

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

In California, the approximate costs of groundwater and supplemental surface water are low in

comparison to wastewater and seawater, provided that the supply is available. Recently, allotments

from these sources have been reduced, forcing implementation of mandatory conservation programs.

Tomorrow’s Thoughts:

Diversified Water Portfolio

Wastewater

Reuse

Desalination Ground

Water

Supplemental

Water

800

1000

600

400

200

Cost of Water, $/acre-feet

725

950

425

650

1. 2006-2007 Engineer's Report on Groundwater Conditions, W ater Supply, and Basin Utilization in the Orange County Water District

2. Poseidon Desalinization Project, San Diego

2006-2007 Engineer's Report on Groundwater Conditions, Water Supply, and Basin Utilization in the Orange County Water District

Poseidon Desalinization Project, San Diego

Groundwater Replenishment System

The GWR System located in Fountain Valley, California was commissioned in January, 2008.

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

The GWR System produces 70 MGD which is enough clean water to meet the needs of 500,000 people.

An additional 30 MGD is currently being designed. It can ultimately be expanded up to 175 million

gallons per day making it one of the largest water reuse facilities of its kind.

OCWD-OCSD Joint Campus

The GWR System is operated by Orange County Water District (OCWD) and works in concert with

Reclamation Plant No. 1. Reclamation Plant No. 1 is operated by Orange County Sanitation District

(OCSD). Both facilities are on a joint campus.

A daily average flow of 92 MGD of wastewater from Orange County dischargers including residences,

businesses, industries and urban runoff is collected and received by OCSD Reclamation Plant No. 1. The

wastewater undergoes chemically-enhanced primary treatment followed by secondary treatment

through either trickling filters or air-activated sludge. At this point, the secondary treated effluent water

(secondary effluent) is clean enough to be discharged to the ocean.

The secondary effluent then flows to OCWD’s GWR System. First, the secondary effluent undergoes

microfiltration, followed by reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation. Purified water is pumped into

recharge basins and is “naturally purified” in the underground aquifer for a minimum of six months

before use. A portion of the purified water is used in a seawater barrier system.

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

How the Process Works

Primary

Clarifiers

Activated

Sludge

Trickling

Filter

Micro-

filtration

Reverse

Osmosis

Advanced

Oxidation

Reclamation Plant No. 1

Groundwater Replenishment System

Current and Future Regulatory Considerations and Drivers

Regulatory Considerations

Once ground water is contaminated,

making it clean enough to drink can be

extremely difficult for several reasons…





EPA on Ground Water Cleanup at Superfund Sites, December 1996

History has proven repeatedly that we cannot rely on technology alone. Therefore, regulators have

chosen Source Control for an additional level of safety (versus technology alone).

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

Title 22 (Recycled Water: Regulations and Guidance) is a future regulation, currently in draft form (last

updated August 5, 2008), as part of the process of developing a final proposed version of the

regulations. The final proposed version will proceed through the formal regulation adoption process

and will be subject to public review and comment as part of that process.

Regulatory Drivers

California Department of Public Health

California Code of Regulations Title 22

Regional Water Quality Control Board

Order No. R8-2004-0002

OCWD/OCSD Joint Powers Agreement

California Department of Public Health, Recycled Water: Regulations and Guidance

http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/water/Pages/Waterrecycling.aspx

Regional Water Quality Control Board, Santa Ana Region 8

http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/board_decisions/adopted_orders/orders/2004_orders.shtml

The Source Control Division's scope of responsibilities and functions need further expansion to comply

with OCSD's strategic goal of participating in the overall management of the region's water resources in

support of the GWR System program and the associated regulatory mandates based on the following:

I. California Department of Public Health: California Code of Regulations Title 22 - Draft

Groundwater Recharge Reuse, Section 60320 General Requirements

(a) All recycled water used for a GRRP shall be from a wastewater management agency that:

(1) administers an industrial pretreatment and pollutant source control program;

(2) implements and maintains a source control program that includes at a minimum:

(A) an assessment of the fate of Department-specified contaminants through the

wastewater and recycled water treatment systems,

(B) contaminant source investigations and contaminant monitoring that focus on

Department-specified contaminants,

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

sewage collection agency's service area for the purpose of managing and minimizing the

discharge of contaminants of concern at the source, and

(D) an up-to-date inventory of contaminants discharged into the wastewater collection

system so that new contaminants of concern can be readily evaluated.

(3) is compliant with the effluent limits established by the Department and/or RWQCB for each

Department-specified contaminant.

California Department of Public Health

Title 22 Draft Groundwater Recharge Reuse

“Fate of” Assessment of Department Specified Contaminants

Source Investigation and Contaminant Monitoring of Department

Specified Contaminants

Outreach Program to Industrial, Commercial, and Residential

Communities

Up-to-date Inventory of Contaminants Discharged

II. Regional Order No. R8-2004-0002 - Producer/User Water Recycling Requirements, Section 15

“The scope and purpose of this OCSD source control program needs to be expanded to include not

only contaminants that may be detrimental to the facilities or environment, but also to include

contaminants specified by CDHS that may be harmful to human health and drinking water supplies.”

The producer shall assure through its contractual agreement with OCSD that the wastewater

collection system of OCSD is operated under a comprehensive industrial pretreatment and pollutant

source control program for the control of discharge of toxic wastes from point sources.

The contractual agreement shall include provisions that will allow inclusion in the pretreatment and

source control program requirements for OCSD Reclamation Plant No. 1 any contaminants that

CDHS has identified may pose a risk of contamination to a drinking water supply.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

Regional Water Quality Control Board

Order No. R8-2004-0002

Producer/User Water Recycling Requirements

Expand Source Control to Include Constituents Which May Be

Harmful to Human Health and Drinking Water Supplies

OCWD/OCSD Contractual Requirement for Expanded Source

Control Program

Water Boards

CDPH May Specify Constituents for Source Control

III. Joint Exercise of Powers Agreement - Section B.55 Industrial Pretreatment and Pollution Source

Control Program

The Sanitation District shall maintain a comprehensive industrial wastewater pretreatment and

pollution source control program for controlling the discharge of wastes from point sources that

could adversely affect the System’s water quality or production.

OCWD/OCSD Joint Exercise of Powers

Industrial Pretreatment & Pollution

Source Control Program

Comprehensive Source Control Program to control

discharges that could adversely affect the GWR System

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

Non Industrial Source Control Program, FY 2008/09

Regulatory drivers set the stage for a new, evolutionary Non Industrial Source Control (NISC) program

which goes beyond the National Pretreatment Program by incorporating aspects of both the Clean

Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act.

These programs form the foundation for the Groundwater Replenishment System / Emerging Pollutants

of Concern. Information provided by these programs facilitates startup of individual NISC programs

which target subsectors.

Program Driver

NISC GWRS-EPOC Programs

Pollutant Prioritization, Phases I, II, and III

Routine Monitoring Evaluation of Action Levels

I(a)(2)(A)

I(a)(2)(B)

I(a)(2)(A)

Priority Pollutant Source Identification

Local Limits Evaluation Including GWRS

Source Control Strategy Assessment

Chemical Inventory

Implementation & Evaluation

Chemical Fact Sheets

I(a)(2)(B)

I(a)(2)(A)

I(a)(2)(D)

NISC Modular Strategy

The NISC strategy uses a modular approach to source control. Why use a modular approach? Since we

are just starting to understand the impacts of emerging pollutants, there will be potential to implement

source control programs for a large number of emerging pollutants. On the other hand, it may be

necessary to stop source control programs for other emerging pollutants as better toxicity information is

developed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy which can easily accommodate changes and

to change quickly. The modular strategy maintains consistency and integrity at the base level, yet allows

individual source control programs to be custom-tailored relative to the emerging pollutant(s) being

controlled.

Modules are made up of subsectors. A subsector represents emerging pollutants based on their

functional use. Examples of subsectors include: pesticides, pharmaceuticals and medicines, cleaners and

degreasers, coatings, coloring agents and dyes, chemical families, fuels additives and byproducts.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

Emerging pollutants contained within the cleaners and degreasers subsector, for instance, includes di(2-

ethylhexyl)phthalate, dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane, formaldehyde, and n-nitrosodimethylamine.

Implementation

Development / Evaluation

Pollutant Prioritization

Assessment of Control Strategies

Sector Identification by Functional Use

Source Identification

• GIS Data Search

• Wastewater Characterization

Routine Monitoring for Emerging Pollutants

NISC Strategy: Modular Approach

• Outreach

• Certification

• Permit

• BMP Monitoring

• Compliance Inspections

• Local Limits

• Pretreatment

• Self-Monitoring

Development / Evaluation

Pollutant Prioritization

Sector Identification by Functional Use

Source Identification

• GIS Data Search

• Wastewater Characterization

Routine Monitoring for Emerging Pollutants

NISC Strategy: Modular Approach

Pesticides

• Certification

• BMP

Coatings

• Outreach

• BMP

Cleaners

Degreasers

• Permit

• Inspection

• Self-Monitor

Coloring

Agents

• Outreach

• Certification

Three phases of sampling have been completed. Emerging pollutants of concern have been traced

upstream to subsectors. Source control programs for these subsectors are currently being defined for

implementation on July 1, 2009.

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Introduction

Where We Are

Sampling

Complete

12/31/2008

Complete

2/1/2009

Complete

4/1/2009

Implementation

In Progress

7/1/2009

Source ID Assessment

Source Control to safeguard water supply

Need a flexible modular strategy

Regulations dictate programs

Wastewater is a Valuable Commodity

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

Pollutant Prioritization

A tremendous number of new chemicals are being created every day, any having the potential to

become an emerging pollutant. To handle these logistics, a systematic, flexible, and cost effective

method of prioritization was developed.

Pollutant Prioritization

Target how ratepayer $$$ are

effectively spent

Determines what is important

to focus resources on…

4,000 new constituents are

registered on a daily basis

- Chemical Abstract System

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

How do you develop an initial list of constituent to sample? Our initial list is developed from regulatory

requirements based on the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act. These regulated constituents

have numerical limits or standards.

•Primary and Secondary

•Maximum Contaminant Levels

•Regulatory Action Levels

Water Boards

•Order No. R8-2004-002 or Later

•Maximum Contaminant Level

•Archived Advisory Level

•Notification Level

•Title 22

•Local Limits

Constituent List

EPA Safe Drinking Water Act, Drinking Water Contaminants

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/index.html

Regional Water Quality Control Board, Santa Ana Region 8

http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/board_decisions/adopted_orders/orders/2004_orders.shtml

California Department of Public Health, Chemicals and Contaminants in Drinking Water

http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/Chemicalcontaminants.aspx

Orange County Sanitation District

http://www.ocsd.com/documents/contents.asp

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

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NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

Since our goal is to be proactive, there are additional unregulated constituents which do not have

numerical limits or standards, but have a potential to become regulated. The programs that identify

these constituents are below.

Constituent List

•Contaminant Candidate Lists

•Priority Pollutants / 307(a) Toxics

Water Boards

•Order No. R8-2004-002 Monitoring &

Reporting Program

•Public Health Goals

Office of Environmental Health Hazard

Assessment

•Orange County Water District

•Orange County Sanitation District

•Advisory Panel

EPA Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List and Regulatory Determinations

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/ccl/

EPA Priority Pollutants

http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/methods/pollutants.htm

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Public Health Goals (PHGs)

http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/perchphg31204.html

Orange County Water District

http://www.ocwd.com/

Orange County Sanitation District

http://www.ocsd.com/

March 26, 2009

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NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

A prioritization method has to be developed to handle a multitude of cases for both regulated and

unregulated constituents. Consideration for practicality of implementation is also necessary to quickly

categorize emerging pollutants of concern based on 1) relevance, e.g., whether it is detected in the

influent stream received by the treatment facility, and 2) quantity, e.g., whether it is of sufficient mass

load following treatment to potentially impact the treatment systems.

Unregulated Constituents

Regulated Constituents

Prioritized

Constituent

Watch

List

Further

Study

Watch

List

Prioritized

Constituent

Watch

List

Further

Study

Concern

Above

Action

Level

Below

Action

Level

Above

Action

Level

Below

Action

Level

Positive

Removal

Rate

Negative

Removal

Rate

Toxic

Positive

Removal

Toxic

Negative

Removal

Not

Toxic

Toxicity

Unknown

Detected

Not

Detected

With

Numerical

Limits

w/o

Numerical

Limits

Detected

Not

Detected

Sample

Panel

Prioritization Method

Method for Regulated Constituents

Regulated constituents are constituents with numerical limits or standards. Regulated constituents that

are detected, have positive removal efficiencies across the treatment plant and are above an action

level are prioritized constituents. Note that the action level is set at the removal efficiency plus a safety

factor. Safety factors can be derived from a probabilistic model (fault tree) or level of comfort

(heuristics).

March 26, 2009

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POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

Apply Regulatory Criteria

Get Analytical Results

Calculate

Removal Rates

Determine

Action Levels

Prioritize

Constituents

Define Sample Panel

Prioritized

Constituent

Watch

List

Further Study

Watch

List

Above Action

Level

Below Action

Level

Positive

Removal Rate

Negative

Removal Rate

Detected Not Detected

With

Numerical

Limits

Sample Panel

Regulated Constituents

Prioritized

Constituent

Above Action

Level

Positive

Removal Rate

Detected

With

Numerical

Limits

Sample Panel

Removal efficiencies are calculated from a water side mass balance. The number of streams sampled

can be reduced after careful consideration of the impact based on the unit processes, resulting in a cost

savings.

GWR System

Reclamation Plant No. 1

Primary

Treatment

Screening

Facility

Microfiltration

Reverse Osmosis

Advanced

Oxidation Process

TFE to Ocean

ASE to Ocean

SFR to Ocean

MFR to Plant 2

MFP to GAP

ROC to Ocean

OSPW to Ocean/SAR

PW to Users

Water Side Mass Balance

INF

MFR

PE to Ocean

Sample

Point

Sample

Point

SE to GAP

Trickling

Filters

Activated

Sludge

Sample

Point

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POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

The water side mass balance model can be further simplified. If the discharge limits (numerical limits or

standards) are known for a constituent at point 1, and the removal efficiency and flow rates are known

across the plants, then the influent concentration limit can be determined at point 5. If the influent

concentration is measured at equal to or higher than the influent concentration limit, then the

constituent is a priority constituent.

GWR

System

Product

Water to

Recharge

Basins

Secondary Treated

Effluent To

Ocean Discharge

Raw

Sewage

From

Collection

System

Brine Return

To Treatment Plant No. 2

Reclamation

Plant No. 1

 Primary Treatment

 Secondary Treatment

Activated Sludge

Trickling Filters

GWR System

 Microfiltration

 Reverse Osmosis

 Advanced Oxidation

Water Side Mass Balance Model

Method for Unregulated Constituents

While unregulated constituent have no numerical limits or standards, the methodology is the same as

the method for regulated constituents, except for one extra step.

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POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

Apply Regulatory Criteria

Get Analytical Results

Calculate

Removal Rates

Determine

Action Levels

Prioritize

Constituents

Define Sample Panel

Prioritized

Constituent

Watch

List

Further

Study

Concern

Above Action

Level

Below Action

Level

Toxic

Positive

Removal

Toxic

Negative

Removal

Not

Toxic

Toxicity

Unknown

w/o

Numerical

Limits

Detected Not Detected

Sample Panel

Unregulated Constituents

Prioritized

Constituent

Above Action

Level

Toxic

Positive

Removal

w/o

Numerical

Limits

Detected

Sample Panel

The extra step for unregulated constituents is to derive a limit or toxicity value from available toxicity

data and using rules of thumb from toxicity experts. Rules of thumb are formally called, “heuristics” and

may be an intuitive understanding of a toxicity expert about a constituent based on experience. If you

have a lot of rules and data, they can be “chained” together using a Bayesian logic inference engine.

Emerging

Pollutant

Detected

Not

Detected

Acute

Chronic

Develop-

mental

Toxicity

Reproductiv

e Toxicity

Partial Life

Cycle

Toxicity

Genetic

Toxicity

Bayesian Logic Inference Engine

Toxicology Domain Experts

Heuristics for Toxicity

Toxicity Data

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Green Chemistry at OEHHA

http://oehha.ca.gov/multimedia/green/

US Food and Drug Administration

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ppdc/testing/jan09/ejm-presentation.pdf

Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)

http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/oscpendo/pubs/prioritysetting/models.htm

March 26, 2009

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POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

Results

Eighteen constituents have been prioritized based on an initial list of over 500 constituent. Sixteen are

regulated and two are unregulated. The two unregulated constituents are 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol and n-

Nitrosomorpholine. The goal is to remove 62 tons per year of these constituents (excluding ubiquitous

compounds: iron, nitrogen and dissolved solids).

Base Neutral Acid Semi-Volatiles

1,4-Dioxane & Nitrosamines

Inorganics

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Total Dissolved Solids

Volatile Organic Compounds

Methylene chloride

Tert-butyl alcohol

Aldehydes and Oxyhalides

Formaldehyde

Perchlorate

Metals

Antimony

Arsenic

Boron

Iron

Manganese

Nickel

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

1,4-Dioxane

n-Nitrosodimethylamine

n-Nitrosomorpholine

Pollutant Identification by Subsectors

Commercial sources of the eighteen prioritized constituents can be determined by functional use. These

commercial sources are referred to as subsectors.

Source control will be applied to these subsectors to achieve mass reductions. Because source control

will be applied to the subsector rather than the individual constituent, there is a beneficial reduction of

chemicals with similar functional groups that can potentially exhibit similar toxicity effects. In fact,

classes of chemicals used for pesticides (for example) will be reduced.

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POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

Disinfection Byproducts

Pesticides

Pharmaceuticals & Medicines

Cleaners & Degreasers

Coatings

Coloring Agents & Dyes

Chemical Families

Fuels, Additives & Byproducts

Antimony

Arsenic

Boron

Iron

Manganese

Nickel

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Total Dissolved Solids

bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

1,4-Dioxane

n-Nitrosodimethylamine

n-Nitrosomorpholine

Formaldehyde

Perchlorate

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

Dichloromethane

tert-butyl alcohol

Prioritized Constituents

Commercial Subsectors by

Functional Use

Note that because source control is being performed on subsectors at a functional level for a family of

chemical compounds, the eighteen constituents become surrogate indicators for the family of chemical

compounds.

Disinfection Byproducts

Pesticides

Pharmaceuticals & Medicines

Cleaners & Degreasers

Coatings

Coloring Agents & Dyes

Chemical Families

Fuels, Additives & Byproducts

Antimony

Arsenic

Boron

Iron

Manganese

Nickel

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Total Dissolved Solids

bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

1,4-Dioxane

n-Nitrosodimethylamine

n-Nitrosomorpholine

Formaldehyde

Perchlorate

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

Dichloromethane

tert-butyl alcohol

Prioritized Constituents

Commercial Subsectors by

Functional Use

Surrogate Indicators

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Pollutant Prioritization

The subsector programs and surrogate indicators are below.

Subsector Programs

By Functional Use

Targets by

Contribution

Surrogate Indicators

18 Pollutants

Disinfection Byproducts

Agencies

trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids; oxyhalides;

etc.

Pesticides

Agencies, Residential

arsenic; boron; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; di(2-

ethylhexyl)phthalate; dichloromethane; 1,4-

dioxane; formaldehyde; manganese; NDMA;

TKN; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol

Pharmaceuticals & Medicines

Commercial, Residential

arsenic; di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate;

dichloromethane; 1,4-dioxane; manganese;

tert-butyl alcohol; TKN

Cleaners & Degreasers

All

di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; dichloromethane;

1,4-dioxane; formaldehyde; NDMA; TKN

Coatings

Industrial

antimony; dichloromethane; 1,4-dioxane;

formaldehyde; nickel; perchlorate; TKN

Coloring Agents & Dyes

Commercial

arsenic; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; di(2-

ethylhexyl)phthalate; dichloromethane; 1,4-

dioxane; formaldehyde; manganese; NDMA;

perchlorate; TKN

Chemical Families

Case-by-case

metals; TDS; nitrosamines; dioxins; PCBs;

PDBEs, etc.

Fuels, Additives, & Byproducts

Commercial

perchlorate; tert-butyl alcohol

Method reduced 500 to 18 constituents

Control constituents by subsectors

Systematic approach to ID constituents

18 constituents are surrogate indicators

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Geographic Information

Systems – Enhancing

Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of

Concern

Division 640, Source Control

Orange County Sanitation District, California

Source

Control

Strategies

Source Control Approach to

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Pollutant

Prioritization

List of Priority

Pollutants

Pollutant

Source

Identification

GIS

Warehouse

Program

Effectiveness

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Challenges Emerging Pollutants of

Concern

Regulatory mandate

Over 20,000 commercial and industrial

dischargers in OCSD’s service area

Multiple assortment of compounds

Ability to accurately track, trace, and respond to

pollutant to source with limited resources

GIS to Optimize Management of

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

What is GIS

• GIS enables “faster, better, cheaper” decision making

• Reveals spatial relationships of pollutant sources

• Accelerates field work planning

• Picture is worth 1000 words

Why GIS

Orange County Sanitation District utilizes ArcInfo, ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcGIS Server Bundle.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Building Components using GIS to

Enhance a Source Control Program

Commercial/Industrial Chemical Inventory –

Source Identification

Chemical Fact Sheet

Collection System Network

Commercial / Industrial Chemical

Inventory – Source Identification

California Department of Health Service

Chemical Inventory Project -Identify Chemical and

Sources

Data Mining – CUPA and Data Vendor

Search interface capabilities linked to GIS

California Unified Permit Authority (CUPA) is responsible for implementing and enforcing California’s

hazardous material regulations and inventory. Fire departments are commonly designated as CUPAs.

OCSD obtained chemical inventory reports from two of the largest CUPAs within its service area.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

In addition, OCSD purchased commercial and industrial facilities information from a data vendor

(InfoUSA). With these data components, staff built a search user-interface to mine the data.

Search Interface

Search User-Interface using Microsoft Access.

Chemical Fact Sheet

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Chemical Fact Sheet

The Chemical Fact Sheets include pertinent information on uses and sources, and the Chemical Fact

Sheet data is stored in multiple formats: as a Word document, pdf, and an Access database. By storing

the information in a database, the information interfaces with the GIS program.

Collection Systems

Network

426 miles regional trunk system

4800 miles local sewer

Orange

County

Pacific

Ocean

Ocean Pipeline

Reclamation

Plant No. 1

Treatment

Plant No. 2

Newport

Beach

Fountain

Valley

Santa Ana

Los

Alamitos

Buena

Park

Fullerton

Tustin

Garden Grove

La Habra

Brea

Placentia

Yorba Linda

Anaheim

Orange

La Palma

Cypress

Westminster

Irvine

Stanton

Villa

Park

Costa

Mesa

Huntington

Beach

Seal

Beach

Approximately 5226 miles of regional trunk and local sewer lines have been geocoded into GIS.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

GIS General Applications

Source Identification

Chemical

Inventory

GIS

Fact

Sheets

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Source Identification

Commercial and Industrial

Facilities

Plant 1

Plant 2

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Source Identification

General Flow Trace

Plant 1

Plant 2

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

General Flow Trace

Plant 1

The ability to segregate the flows that discharge to Plant 1 is critical since Plant 1 provides feed water to

the GWRs.

General Flow Trace

Plant 1

Plant 2

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Specific Flow Trace

OCSD Plant No. 1

Land Use and Census Analysis

Land Use and Census data are essential for targeted outreach programs.

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Geographic Information Systems - Enhancing Source Control for

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Managing Emerging Pollutant Many Challenges

GIS Benefits and Components

Practical Applications

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Source Control Strategies

for Emerging Pollutants

of Concern

Division 640, Source Control

Orange County Sanitation District, California

Source Control Approach to

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Pollutant

Prioritization

List of Priority

Pollutants

Pollutant

Source

Identification

GIS Warehouse

Source Control

Strategies

Partnership,

Outreach, &

Advocacy

Program

Effectiveness

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Source Control Strategies

Public and Private Partnership

Target Source Control

Outreach

Legislative Advocacy/Establish

Legal Authority

Public and Private Partnership

Countywide Pollution Prevention Partnership Program

(C4P) – In Development

OCSD 25 Member Agencies

Cost Savings

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Public and Private Partnership

Adopt Resolution for Support

Media Outlets and Outreach Material (free)

• Utility Bill

• PSA

• Public Facilities – Libraries, City Hall etc…

• Articles

Notice of Intent to Participate

Public and Private Partnership

Workgroup Meetings

Web Based Communication

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Web Based Communication

OCSD will utilize a Microsoft SharePoint vendor.

C4P Flow Chart

List of Pollutants

Work Group

Meeting

Multiple Media

Outlets

Potential

Sources

Measure

Effectiveness

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Targeted Source Control Outreach

Residential

General Residential Outreach

C4P Program –

Multi Media

Outlets

Pharmaceutical

House Hazardous

Waste: Cleaners,

Degreasers,

Pesticides

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

General Residential Outreach

Specific Residential Outreach

Fats, Oils, and Grease

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

OCSD worked with Goodwill Industries to assemble and distribute its targeted outreach materials.

Legislative Advocacy / Establish

Legal Authority

Work with Representatives – Product Ban

Wastewater Discharge Ordinance -

Permit/Certification – Non Industrial Dischargers

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Source Control Approach to

Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Pollutant

Prioritization

List of Priority

Pollutants

Pollutant

Source

Identification

GIS Warehouse

Source Control

Strategies

Partnership,

Outreach, &

Advocacy

Program

Effectiveness

Program Effectiveness Measure

• Target Surveys

• Technical Assistance Center – Monitoring Calls

• Impression

Qualitative Measures

• Influent Water Quality Sampling

Quantitative Measures

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Source Control Strategies for Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Multiple Source Control Strategies

Proactive Outreach

Program Effectiveness

Tom B. Meregillano

(714) 593-7547

Division 640 Source Control

Tmeregillano@OCSD.com

Questions?

Orange County Sanitation District

www.ocsd.com

March 26, 2009

TOMORROW'S SOURCE CONTROL FOR TODAY'S EMERGING

POLLUTANTS

NACWA Case Study | Who to Contact

Who to Contact

Please contact the program leads for further details of the NISC program

Tom Gaworski

(714) 593-7422

tgaworski@ocsd.com

Pharmaceuticals and Health Services Facilities

No Drugs Down the Drain Program

Pharmacy Outreach

Health Services Facilities

Mark Kawamoto

(714) 593-7424

mkawamoto@ocsd.com

Chemical Inventory

Chemical Fact Sheets

Unregulated Constituents

Coatings

Tom Meregillano

(714) 593-7457

tmeregillano@ocsd.com

NISC Public and Private Partnership Program

Urban Runoff

Fats, Oils, and Grease – Residential

Auto Repair Shops

Pesticides

Mobile Washwater Generators

Merrill Seiler

(714) 593-7436

mseiler@ocsd.com

Fats, Oils, and Grease – Food Service Establishments

Dry Cleaners

Radiator Shops

Chris Stacklin

(714) 593-7403

cstacklin@ocsd.com

Pollutant Prioritization Phases I, II, and III

Source Control Strategy Assessment

Routine Monitoring of Emerging Pollutants of Concern

Cleaners and Degreasers

Mike Zedek

(714) 593-7443

mzedek@ocsd.com

Priority Pollutant Source Identification

Geographic Information Systems

Chemical Inventory

Coloring Agents and Dyes

TBD

Source Control Implementation and Evaluation

Local Limits Including GWR System

Program Supervisor – Jerry Evangelista

Program Manager – Mahin Talebi